The French And Indian War - 963 Words

Following the conclusion of the French and Indian War, the American colonies remained wildly disparate in their aims and social composition. However, the end of salutary neglect saw increased cohesion among the various colonies as they banded together to resist British restrictions on rights. However, various factions within colonial society hindered a unified movement. While the colonists develop limited political, social, and economic unity based upon the rhetoric of revolution, on the eve of the American Revolution, significant barriers to complete colonial unity existed. In response to the common British oppression, a system of intercolonial committees of correspondence formed to coordinate a unified American reaction. Based upon the Massachusetts model, Virginia implemented the first intercolonial committee in 1773, and soon afterwards, committees appeared in all thirteen colonies. Thus, the colonies began to display political unity as they sought a united response. This unity w as noted in a letter from Richard Lee in which he noted that all of North America was firmly united and resolved to defend their liberties. (Doc. C) The idea of political unity was also led to the creation of the First Continental Congress, in which 12 of the thirteen colonies were represented. Although more convention than congress, this body was an important step towards political unity. The Second Continental Congress, which convened in 1775 with all thirteen colonies in attendance, isShow MoreRelatedThe French And Indian War1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe French and India war was a war that took place in today’s Pittsburgh. The war was both caused by the English and French. The English and the French both felt that they were entitled to land and each was to willing to fight and they were also, willing to go into war so they could prove that they owned the land. (odellreads.com) The French and India war started out as a dispute over land in the Ohio River Valley area, both the French and English settlers moved towards colonization of that areaRead MoreThe French And Indian War1195 Words   |  5 PagesSince the beginning of history, wars have been fought to gain territories, independence, or to fight against those who take away one’s rights. The French and Indian War was fought in North America over the Ohio Valley, however, it is much more than just a war to gain territory. This war opened doors to the colonists who decided that fighting for independence was something they were in need of doing. The French and Indian War was the portion of the Seven Year’s War that was fought in North AmericaRead MoreThe French And Indian War967 Words   |  4 Pages 2014 During the French and Indian War of 1754-1763, the French and the British were competing for land throughout the Ohio Valley, the Mississippi River, and the St. Lawrence River and for trading rights in North America. Both nations saw this territory as a necessity to increase its own power and wealth while simultaneously limiting the strength of its rival. Although, after the French and Indian War the British gained all of the French land in North America. Following the war the British governmentRead MoreThe French And Indian War877 Words   |  4 Pageshistory; wars, such as the French and Indian war altered the perception of the American people. These events and people were some of the many that facilitated the colonists’ defiance against the British. Altercations they encountered turned the people of the newly formed Americas against the British aiding in their quest for independence. During the time of 1763-1775, one of the occurrences that happened to affect the colonists’ perception of the British was the French and Indian War. The war itselfRead MoreThe French And Indian War895 Words   |  4 PagesMany wars were fought between the English and the French. The French and Indian War was an important factor in the writing of the Declaration of Independence. The war was very costly for the British. After the war ended the British thought of ways to gain money from the colonists to help replenish funds lost from the war. This usually was in the form of taxes. The colonists were not happy with the British government and made their feelings and opinions known. The colonists wanted their freedom andRead MoreThe French And Indian War938 Words   |  4 PagesThe French and Indian War was a long and bloody war fought by both colonial and British soldiers. By the end of the war, both Britain and the colonies were changed, and so their relationships were changed a s well - mostly in negative ways. After the war, political, ideological and economic relations between the colonies and Britain would never be the same. Many colonists realizing their lack of representation in Parliament, which created political tension; British taxation of the colonies createdRead MoreThe French And Indian War1556 Words   |  7 Pages The French and Indian War/Seven Years War began in response to the British unapologetically impinging on the French and the Indian territory. After the seven years of war, the French and British negotiated the Treaty of Paris. The Treaty of Paris effectively ended the French and Indian War/the Seven Years War. It was put into practice in 1763. The immediate results included the French loss of all territory in the Americas except some islands in the Gulf, the Spanish receiving all land west of theRead MoreThe French And Indian War1731 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Revolution was fought from 1775-1783, the war happened because of the tension that was building between Great Britain and their thirteen colonies. From 1607 to 1763, Britain gave the thirteen colonies benign and salutary neglect. Even though the colonists lived under the Mercantilist doctrine, they were still allowed to prosper while under Great Britain’s authority. The French and Indian war changed their relationshi p.Great Britain going to war with France caused them to accumulate a lot ofRead MoreThe French And Indian War1337 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen many wars, some wars were fought for world domination and others were fought for independence. One war that fought for independence was the American Revolution. The American Revolution was fought between the colonists and the English with the French aiding the colonists. There are many causes for the American Revolution some of the causes are the French and Indian War, The Sugar and Stamp Act, The Boston Massacre, The Boston Tea Party, and the Intolerable Acts. The French and Indian War, also calledRead MoreThe French And Indian War1310 Words   |  6 Pagescommencement of the revolution. The discussion below critically exploits and explores various reasons that led to the start of the revolution. The French and Indian War The wars which happened between 1754 and 1763 had a high impact on the colonies that were initially proud to be part and parcel of Great Britain. However, as it was noted later after the war, most colonists got increasingly bothered by various Acts passed by the Britain Parliament such as the Currency Acts that were made between 1751

Critical Thinking and Perception - 1588 Words

Prepare a 700-1000 words essay on ‘Critical thinking and Perception.’ Perception is Reality. Identify an instance in your life where your perception of the reality situation was different from actual reality. What did you think was going on? What was actually going on? Why was there such a difference? What did you learn and how has your thinking changed because of this? Critical Thinking Critical thinking is the purposeful and reflective judgment about what to believe or what to do in response to our observations, experience, verbal or written expressions, or arguements. It involves determining the meaning and significance of what is observed or expressed, concerning a given inference or argument, determining whether there is†¦show more content†¦As all people I also had my own perceptions based on whatever I saw, read or heard about, experienced personally and experiences of people close to me. I grew up in a cozy and protected environment where I had very limited interactions with people from a socio cultural background different than mine. As a result I had my own pre-conceived notions about people from different religion especially about Muslims and their beliefs and lifestyle. As a child studying in a Convent school, I never had Muslim friends. The only interaction or limited exposure I had about Muslims been limited to bits of information passed on by my dad about his workers and the news channels. As a result of this I was wary of making friends. Somehow I had a weird theory in my mind where I perceived all Muslims to be an absolute different type of people with a very different lifestyle. I imagined Muslim men to be huge giantly men with strange beards dressed in white kurtas with keffiyah on their shoulders. I had also thought them to be mostly uneducated, orthodox and backward people. On my brief trips to old Delhi I had always seen Muslim women clad in burqas. I thought those women would feel restricted and oppressed all their lives since their contact with outside world is so limited. No body could see their beautiful clothes and accessories. I also thought of Islam as a rigid religion with strict rules forcing people to read Namaaz five times a day. In my ignorance, I perceived it to be an unfairShow MoreRelatedEssay on Critical Thinking and Ethical Decision Making1036 Words   |  5 PagesCritical thinking and ethical de cision making are crucial for academic success as well as career success. Both critical thinking and ethical choices allow an appreciation of diverse points of view using analytic approaches, create a tolerance for and an appreciation of ambiguity, allow for creative problem-solving, and give the ability to integrate knowledge from diverse viewpoints into unified ideas and strategies. To better understand how critical thinking and ethics impacts our success, we mustRead More The Nature of Logic and Perception Essay698 Words   |  3 Pageswhat we do and how we think. How did we come to a certain conclusion or perception? This paper will explain the nature of logic to critical thinking. Also covered will be my own perceptual process and a description of the types of blocks that influence my views. It is the ability to hone the thinking skills necessary to become a well-rounded contributor to a society or an organization. The nature of logic to critical thinking begins at an early age. From the time one learns the difference betweenRead More Logic and Perception Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pages Logic and Perception nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A human’s ability to think constitutes the human’s ability to live. Though life can and does go on without thought, thoughtless life would hold no meaning for most of us. Our thoughts fill our days and give meaning and purpose to our days to come. Through perception, we become aware of our environment through physical sensation (Merriam-Webster, 1997, p.546). Every single experience and observation, every smell and sound, that enters our mind throughRead MorePerception Is The Organization, Identification And Interpretation Of Sensory Information1209 Words   |  5 PagesPerception is the organisation, identification and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment. Like perception, logic plays a role in critical thinking. Critical thinking is the process in which one mentally explores deeper than the superficial matters at hand into the deeper layers in order to find out what the real issues are. Ho wever, when it comes to weighing their beneficial impact on the critical thinking process, logic and perception are by noRead More Nature of Logic and Perception Essays1127 Words   |  5 Pagesor Logic and Perception Outline: 1. Definition of logic and its connection with critical thinking. 2. An everyday example is given when use of logic and critical thinking takes place. 3. Nature of logic defined. 4. Perceptual shortcuts and factors influencing it. 5. How these shortcuts affect our decisions. 6. My personal experience of perceptual shortcut. 7. What I learned from this experience. 8. Importance of logic and critical thinking. 9. Resources Read MoreKnowledge Is Generated Through Creative And Critical Thinking1154 Words   |  5 Pagesinteraction of critical and creative thinking† Discuss. Total number of words: 1107 Title: Knowledge is generated through the interaction of critical and creative thinking† Discuss. Knowledge Question: How do we know that knowledge can be generated through creative and critical thinking? Aspects of Knowledge that I am going to relate my Knowledge Question with: History, Reason and Sense Perception. THE BODY How do we know that knowledge can be generated through creative and critical thinking? Thesis:Read More The Nature of Logic and Perception Essay example687 Words   |  3 PagesCritical thinking is the use of those cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. It is used to describe thinking that is purposeful, reasoned and goal directed - the kind of thinking involved in solving problems, formulating inferences, calculating likelihood’s, and making decisions when the thinker is using skills that are thoughtful and effective for the particular context and type of thinking task. Thus, critical thinking involves: following evidence whereRead MoreEssay on The Nature of Logic and Perception745 Words   |  3 Pagesnature of logic and perception Logic is the science of reasoning or sound reasoning. Logically the only reasoning I seem to understand is my own. This has caused me to make many wrong decisions. My judgment with people usually ends up with me looking like an idiot, but I live with the logic what don’t kill you is bound to make you strong. To understand what logic is first you need to be able to be able to understand the reasoning for exactly what is going one at the time. Perception is the act or resultsRead MoreEducation Is The Most Powerful Weapon1343 Words   |  6 PagesKnowledge is power. Knowledge is the essence of success because through education, we can improve our critical thinking, empower our overall perception, and obtain new skills and techniques to be used altogether as the decisive weapon to change the world. Knowledge is extremely essential for success because we can improve our critical thinking. According to the Oxford Online Dictionary, critical thinking is defined as the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment. WeRead MorePHL 458 Week 1935 Words   |  4 PagesWeek 1 Assignment 1. Describe a situation in which critical and creative thought could have been used for a better outcome. Describe why it is important to think critically and creatively in similar situations. A situation that comes to mind in which critical thinking and creative thought could have been used for a better outcome in the President Clinton and Monica Lewinsky affair. Indecent affairs, such as what President Clinton participated on, are highly frowned upon especially in a man of

Strategic Plan Free Essays

Ugong Rock grill and seafood bar has almost 3 year history of popularity here at Puerto Princesa City, Palawan. The Ugong Rock Restaurant is stylish providing comfortable and beautiful surroundings which provide cool atmosphere and soft lighting. You will have an opportunity to experience a moment of excellent and extreme comfort. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its quiet location offers a relaxed and casual dining. Our lunch and dinner menus offer an array of flavorful dishes that are sure to satisfy any appetite. For quality food, reasonable price, and clean and superb dining atmosphere, whether you are looking for a quick lunch, a relaxing dinner, or an appetizer and cocktails, our experienced and courteous staff will make your visit a memorable one. Private parties, events and corporate entertainment can be catered for all year round. Due to increase in tourism here in Puerto Princesa the Ugong Rock can give the best  dining experience and give you also the right information in regards of the City Tourism. The Ugong Rock will automatically make your visit more frequent. II. HISTORY Ugong Rock Grill and Seafood Bar it is a Resto Bar owned by Mr. Elmer I. Alvarado a degree holder in Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. He is a single proprietorship owner of many businesses here in Puerto Princesa City like Elmer’s Pares Plaza and Pidro Meatshop he is also a distributor of a food products like longanisa, ham, and sausages. This business was started in November 11, 2010 because of the new venture of booming in tourism industry here in Palawan. The Ugong Rock was located at Rizal Avenue centre of entertainment. The name of Business was derive from the name of the famous UGONG ROCK cave means â€Å"echo†, when your inside the cave once you slap the stone it will give you an echo sound. And eventually during that year ABS CBN foundation BAYAN NI JUAN help the community to promote that cave to become one of the tourist attractions here in Puerto Princesa City that gives an idea to ride on publicity because it is easier to remember the name. The services offered of this business is the restaurant services and all functions like birthdays, baptismal, weddings, meetings, and more and about the marketing and promotions of the business Ugong Rock gather all hotels, pensions, travel agency, tour guide and drivers by introducing our restaurant what we can offer so then they can suggest to their guest and by making flyers and give also incentives to the tie up industry like drivers. On local aspects the Ugong Rock give a combo meals and discount rate for them so they can enjoy our food and for the tourist and the driver suggestion which resto is the best place for seafood. The company significance can give an employment and can hire people from 12 person during slack period and 25 people during peak season. The livelihood like agriculture and fishing industry are growing because there are lots of restaurant opening due to high tourism. Ugong Rock can give the best dining experience, and also the right information with regards the City Tourism. Due to increase of tourism guest here in Puerto Princesa, the city itself continuing to encourage businessman to set up more restaurant so then we can accommodate all guest. TWO-YEAR STRATEGIC PLAN â€Å"UGONG ROCK† (Grilled and Seafood Bar) Rizal Avenue Extension Puerto Princesa City, Palawan III. EMPLOYEES KEY AREA CONCERN OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES 2014 -2015 ACTIVITIES 2015- 2016 RESPONSIBLE PERSONS BUDGET/FUNDS Vision/Mission of the Ugong Rock Vision: To be the leading and preferred Seafood restaurant by consistently serving the best tasting high quality food through fast, efficient and friendly service in a clean, fun, and wholesome environment. We provide our guest the best value for their money and a very memorable experience. Mission: To always exceed expectations. We promise to deliver unique and fresh ingredients, prepare them honestly and with flavor, and to deliver high quality. Every guest who chooses Ugong Rock leaves happy. 1. Develop a recognizable ingredients brand that typifies quality, consistency, value and trust. 2. Offer a service that provides substantial positive value to our customers. 1. Revisit the mission and vision statement to develop a more succinct, marketing friendly statement. 2. Gather all hotels, pensions, travel agency, tour guide and drivers by giving flyers to introduce the Ugong Rock what we can offer to their guest. 3. Offer a combo meals and discount rate for the customers so they can enjoy the food of Ugong Rock. 1. Plan for new layout of menus. 2. Some areas of business that should be renovate. 3. Expansion for another branch here in the Philippines. Owner/Manager and Staff The need budgets/funds for the activities of 2014-2016 for a total of more than P500,000.00 Policies and Procedures for Employees Tardiness and Absenteeism. Wearing Proper Uniform. No texting while on duty. Only management team is allowed. Ask permission to use phone. Staff should inform and ask for permission from the management team for his absence 2 hours before his/her duty. Restaurant staff who did not report for duty for 3 days or more will be considered discharge for abandonment of work and which can also be considered by the management team as voluntary resignation. In case of the leaves of an employee they should inform the management before  the intended leaves. Using alcohol or illegal substances while on the job. 1. To understand the purpose of Policies and Procedures. 2. To ensure that the staff are familiar with Policies and Procedures. 3. To promote effective communication among managers and employees. 4. To ensure, protect, and clarify the rights and responsibilities of both the employer and employees. 1. Give the employees an orientation in regards to Policies and Procedure of Ugong Rock. 2. Conducting seminars about Physical Development of employees 1. Give training to the employee in regards of Communication Skill. 2. Orientation on employee right and welfare. Owner/Manager and Staff The need budget/funds for the activities of 2014-2016 for a total of more than P50,000.00 (Payment for the Speaker and the employee’s meal). HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES AND FUNCTIONS Recruitment and Selection Training and Development (Orientation) Compensation and Benefits Performance Appraisal or Performance Evaluation Disciplinary and Grievances Labor Relation Management Retirement and Separation 1. To monitor the effectiveness of Human Resource Function/Practices. 2. To be responsible for maintaining data and documentation to support all of this HR Practices/Functions. 3. To provide the business with well-trained and well-motivated employees. Make a website where applicants must apply to be considered for the position and the selection must apply to this website. Conduct an individual development plan and career discussion with employees. SSS/PhilHealth loan/insurances orientation. Encourage employees to enroll in a medical insurance. The result of employees evaluation the highest result will be declare it should be imposed to the bulletin of employees Train an employee whose performance or behavior is deficient. Educate all employees about the types of behavior that will result to discipline or termination. Organizational Development Informal conflict resolution in the work place Giving Certificate of appreciation. Advertise the possible vacant position for the Ugong Rock. Develop Recruitment and Selection Plan by evaluating the needs of the applicants. Conduct seminar on Food and Beverages Conduct training for Physical Development of employees. Increase the minimum wage for the regular employees. The evaluation of an employee will be conducted by the customers. Conduct a seminar about the labor code of the Philippines. Conduct a seminar about Sexual Harassment. Workplace investigation Revise Rules and Regulations for the convenient of the employees. Giving a proper Separation Pay with equivalent of 1 month pay and year of services render Owner/Manager and Staff For the overall need budget/funds for the activities in 2014-2016 for a total of more than P100,000.00 Employees Extension Service/ Social Responsibilities Customer care and satisfaction, regardless of the type of product or services offered. Be responsible for the environment. Active participation in community life. Community Service Team Building 1. To accomplish social responsible and environmental profit-having a business without making any conflict to others. 2. To learn about natural resources. 1. Plan a business retreat with the employees. 2. Conduct seminars which promote camaraderie to develop enhancement program. 3. National Procurement Program/Planning. 1. Health services and program which support talented youth. 2. Help the environment to ensure the sustainability through improved access to safe drinking water and sanitation. 3. Help those street children every Christmas Celebration by giving clothes and foods Owner/Manager and Staff The need budget/funds for the activities of 2014-2016 for a total of more than P500,000.00 How to cite Strategic Plan, Papers Strategic Plan Free Essays Using what you have identified in DQ 1 as a base, what elements are important when attempting to change an ingrained behavior in a company (e. g. improve customer service). We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Hint: Insert the strategic planning process in your answer). How does identifying the best plan for this involve aspects of scientific and human management? Improving customer service is the one of the keys to success in healthcare facility. Ingrained behaviors of the healthcare professionals can hinder success. If the patients, families, community, and the list goes on are not happy with a healthcare facility it can cause some real problems for the facility. Any facility that has problems with ongoing ingrained behaviors need to revise their strategic plan and fix the problem. The key elements to strategic planning is the mission, objectives, plan of action, resources needed, plan how to measure the performance, and evaluation plan. The mission statement needs focus on the expectations of how the employees will act when working in the organization. The objective should be produced by the staff that will be monitoring it. The objective needs be attainable and clear on the focus of behaviors. The action plan is coming up with steps on how to reach goal of the objectives. This is good place for coming up with ideas on how to change the ingrained behaviors and throw out the old plans that are not working. The resources is a big part of the strategic plan because this where the facility comes up with resources they may need to complete the action plan. The resources for changing ingrained behavior could be education, money needed for the changes, and so forth. The evaluation system is where the strategic plan is being monitor for effectiveness. Ways to evaluate if the strategic plan is successful for changing ingrained behaviors is through random audits in the facility watching employees, doing a survey, talking with the stakeholders of the facility to see if they have noticed a change (Liebler McConnell, 2008 5th ed. ). The scientific management examines improving work place performance with using easy elements and systems. This type of plan should be used when it comes to changing work place behaviors because one of its focuses is on performances in work place (â€Å"Scientific Management Progression in Hr†, 2008). How to cite Strategic Plan, Papers

Tinker v. Des Moines free essay sample

In December 14th, the principals of the Des Moines school and adopted a policy that any student who ore a black armband to school would be asked to remove it, and If he didnt remove It, the student would be suspended until he came back to school without the armband. A few days later, the petitioners went to school with the black armbands, and they were asked to leave school, and only returned atter New Years Day. This court case was introduced to the Supreme Court by the fathers of the petitioners. (Tinker v. Des Moines) There were two opinions to this Case, the Majority and the Minority opinion, and the Minority opinion was correct. Schools have all the rights to mpose any laws inside school campus, if the students dont agree with these laws, they should change schools. The Minority opinion was that the school had the right to do what they did, to Impose a law against wearing black armbands Inside the campus. We will write a custom essay sample on Tinker v. Des Moines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page what can, or cant be worn In school Is up to the principals to decide. As the court states about free speech and assembly does not mean that everyone with opinions or beliefs to express may address a group at any public place at any time (Tinker v. Des Moines). This means that although you have the rights to wear he armbands, you dont always have the right to wear it in a public place, such as a school in this case. The Vietnam War could be a very emotional subject to some students, and those students may not like it to be referred. The armbands were said to have caused comments, warnings by other students, the poking of fun at them (Tinker v. Des Moines). This is everything that the school didnt want. They didnt want students to pick on each other and they didnt want disorder. Also, in that same school day, a math class was wrecked with disputes over the armband (Tinker v. Des Moines). This just proves the point even more, that the use of these armbands just caused distraction and tumults. This was what the school principals foresaw happening, and that Is why they Imposed that policy. The Majority opinion believes that the students had every right to use those black armbands. As it Is stated In the Majority opinion They (peuuoners with armbands) caused distraction outside of the classroom (Tinker v. Des Moines). It is true, they definitely caused distractions outside the classroom, which led the conversations to go inside the classroom, isturbing the class. Apparently, the petitioners wore the black armbands to exhibit their disapproval of the Vietnam hostilities trying to influence others (Tinker v. Des Moines). This just caused students who had their friends, family, neighbors, etc killed in war and nurt in war to be disturbed e t me this subject was very sensitive and many people were hurt when it was brought up. What the petitioners claim is that: the wearing of armbands in the circumstance of this case was entirely divorced from actually or potentially disruptive conduct by those participating in it. (Tinker v. Des Moines). This Just proves that they didnt take into account the feelings of the people who might feel offended with these armbands. The petitioners also didnt understand that their lives could also be at risk, if any of their colleagues was really offended, and were to hit them. The principals banned the armbands for a reason: to keep the school safe and to not create any commotion around this touchy subject. Students cannot concentrate on lesser issues when black armbands are very noticeable and call attention to the wounded and dead of the war (Tinker v. Des Moines). The school suspended the students until they came back without the armbands, and this was a very well done act. If the schools give the students so much liberty, then the students will start believing that it is their right to control the school. The armbands took the students minds off their classwork and diverted them to thoughts about the highly emotional subject of the Vietnam War. (Tinker v. Des Moines). As it was stated before, this is everything that the school officials foresaw and didnt want to happen. As the person who wrote the Minority opinion, and well, tated: l repeat that if the time has come when pupils of state-supported schools, kindergartens, grammar schools, or high schools, can defy and flout orders of school officials to keep their minds on their own schoolwork, it is the beginning of a new revolutionary era of permissiveness in this country fostered by the Judiciary. (Tinker v. Des Moines). This means that if the government and the schools continue to let the children wear what they want and do what they want to do, then the whole country would go crazy.

Professionalism and Ethics

Table of Contents Introduction Personal conflict of interest Professionalism The difference between code of ethics and law Social Responsibility Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Professional ethics is a challenging field that demands professional concentration. Any profession demands organized and well developed career, enhanced by skills, knowledge and capacity to make sound decisions. This discussion explores professionalism and ethics attached to the field of engineering, with specific reface to mechanical engineering.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Professionalism and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Personal conflict of interest In several occasions, humans are faced with a number of conflicts of interest or an ethical predicament in their day-to-day existence. The outcomes may lead to a precarious, partial and indiscriminating world owing to the un-examined existence. Thus, ethical dilemma sh ould be resolved in order to make life worth living. The dilemma in moral thinking is contradicting. For instance, when thinking is left to the aforementioned reason, it leads to downright discrimination, unacquainted, incomplete, one-sided and prejudiced philosophy. The resolution to such dilemma requires effective review to apply personal ethics. Initially, finding resolutions to intricate complications through operational communication within an organization is more than essential. This assists in measuring and identifying the practical concerns, effects and suppositions brought out by the ethical dilemma. Moreover, testing the thought alongside ethics and pertinent criteria leads to well-reasoned resolutions and decisions. Operational analysis of the intellectual idea helps in evaluating and gathering the appropriate information. Ultimately, detailed and vibrant formulation of the raised up bottlenecks and vital demands helps in resolving the conflict of interest in life. At one time in my life, I faced one of the most testing moments at the work place. Having worked for my engineering company for seven months, I was included in a professional team tasked with reviewing the worthiness of candidate contractors. With more than 20 applicants tabled before us, we had one week to go through each of them, determine their worthiness and either reject or accept them. In addition, we were expected to accept only four applications for the contract.Advertising Looking for essay on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By the end of the third day, we had already accepted five applicants based on merit. The idea was to drop one application and accept the remaining four. However, I realized that the applicant with the fourth highest points was a company whose CEO was a close relative of my wife and such, my own relative. I had no previous information about this issue. My wife requested me to influence the t eam so that her relative’s company would get the deal. I was in a dilemma because I did not know whether it was right for me to accept her request before informing my colleagues. I was also aware that my wife was set to benefit from the deal. After thinking for two days, I realized that it was unethical to act in a manner that suggests I was favoring my relative’s company. I made my mind and informed the other members of the team. The issue was discussed at length. Finally, a decision was reached to reject the application from my relative’s company and accept the fifth best applicant. Professionalism It is worth arguing that college professors are professionals. Indeed, they possess a number of critical attributes that render them professionals. The attributes owned by college professors are all integrated in the dimension of critical thinking. This entails thinking that is own-corrective, own-monitored, own-disciplined and own-directed. As professionals, they e njoy careful knowledge in what they practice as well as rigorous principles of brilliance. These professors seek to overcome the native socio-centrism and egocentrism through their skills in problem solving and actual communication (Harris, Pritchard and Rabins 121). In order to improve the scholarly traits, they habitually enforce the knowledgeable principles to the cognitive module. On the other hand, the professors apply the several elements and aspire to develop the lives of different individuals. The elements applied by the professors include suppositions, inferences, notions, and extrapolations. In addition, they apply effective information, opinion, enquiries and purpose to instill growth in persons of diverse professions. The above elements develop several intellectual traits that college professors put into effect as professionals. Such intellectual traits are bravery, honesty, sovereignty and self-effacement. As well, they enforce the application of other traits similar to fair-mindedness, understanding and persistence. The above dimensions apply to the critical attributes that brand college professors as professionals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Professionalism and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The difference between code of ethics and law Law and code of ethics may perhaps differ in a number of ways. In fact, law is something that one person has to do as it is obligatory. On the other hand, code of ethics denotes something that one ought to do. The code of ethics most likely applies to professionals, for instance, the police, lawyers, medics and engineers or personalities of limited factions. Nonetheless, law is applied in a similar manner to any person as it appears as a loose word hypothetically. The government or state is in control of setting up the law. The state or government that sets the law is the one that oversees its enforcement, given that it should b e applied a similar manner to every individual. Rendering the primeval laws has a hostage to fortune in regards to the marginalized groups. In contrast, codes of conduct are enforced and only spread over to certain groups of professionals. In this case, the peers of a medic, an engineer, or a lawyer are the ones who impose and charge their fellows who breach the code of conduct. The contemporary world concentrates on the moral matters, given that ethics are not much different from these morals. Social Responsibility An organization is socially responsible for the things and operations it organizes. In the modern world, companies yield an overwhelming economic influence on society. In the eyes of the law, companies are legal entities, which means that they enjoy the rights and protections of an individual citizen. Thus, corporations can make moral or immoral decisions. The process of corporate moral decision is developed and determined through corporate internal decisions. Although t his framework is composed of individuals, it operates like a system or machine. Companies are socially responsible for their actions. They must ensure that they work within the legal, moral and social requirements. In the Lockheed example, it was expected that the individuals involved were financially endowed for the favors that were involved. The Tristar Jet Company was awarded the right to supply the Chinese travellers to Africa and America with visa to travel without restrictions. Lockheed is popular for guaranteeing the populace in which it operates and takes social responsibility to account for the challenges that the community faces.Advertising Looking for essay on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In looking for an attachment with Lockheed, it was difficult to settle an appointment with the human resources manager. Allegedly, shop stewards at the company demand bribes from prospective employees. Conclusion Work ethics is an influential field that demands the influence of the individual expert. Thus, it is the right of professionals to conduct their roles within the limits of their academic qualifications. It determines the way a professional handles the issues that are to be engaged with learners and the employees. Works Cited Harris, Charles, Michael Pritchard and Michael Rabins. Engineering Ethics: Concepts Case. London: Cengage Learning, 2004. Print. This essay on Professionalism and Ethics was written and submitted by user Griffin Hurst to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Professionalism and ethics Professionalism and ethics are key factors in a job setting. These two aspects work hand in hand. Engineering is no different case. Ethics seeks to evaluate deeply on moral aspects. It entails the practices that the staff carries out in an establishment. It incorporates; good value, code of conduct, moral value, principles and virtues. The ethics enable one to outlay professionalism in undertaking his engineering career. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Professionalism and ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Professional ethics helps a lot in proficiency and comprehending problems encountered in this field. Ethics assists one to know the good and bad sides of a person in a work setting. Engineering ethics are the codes of standard applied in the field of engineering. These ethics portray good conducts in professional engineers. In accordance with the innovation in science and technology one needs to uphold hi gh moral standard in terms of principle and practices. It concentrates on doing the right action with out inconveniencing other parties. In engineering one needs guidelines that propel him or her to success in this field. The guidelines are set values that give the ability to make correct choices, decisions and action. Not all values are equal. It all depends with the perception of a person and his/her experience. One can modify and create beliefs that define his identity. Thus he may hold characters such as social skills, peace among co-workers, truth and honesty. Perseverance, discernment and accuracy are also values that one needs to have in order to relay services professionally. This boosts his moral behavior and upholds professional skills. In addition to values and morals a professional needs work ethics. These ethics ought to be principled and easy to interpret. Employing attitudes of work value will need a lot of motivation in order to succeed. This goes along way to incre ase the productivity and overall performance in engineering. In the work place the relationship among co-workers and employees in the organization, depends heavily on the ethics. The engineers tactfully apply the code of ethics to tackle problems encountered in the field. The engineer should offer high standard of service to the client. He should work towards achieving set objectives as part of strengthening his skills in the profession (Naagarazan 41). Moral issues may arise at certain times in an organization. This will require one to apply professionalism to tackle such issues. Issues such as resource crouch may lead one to be manipulated and unethical termination of projects. Another issue is applying double standards in making decisions and selection of projects. Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The management may seek to fulfill their interest more than the employees. The employee s may develop poor attitude to providing services to the consumers. These issues can be sorted through normative inquiry where norms are used to guide the employees and the management to run the organization. The management should come in strongly to offer a neutral field for implementation of these norms. Another way of curbing moral issues is by conceptual inquiry where all the employees are directed and informed of the concepts and principles. Factual or descriptive inquiry is another way to solve the moral issues arising in an organization. This inquiry provides information about practices and effectiveness of the system. When one upholds professionalism he or she expects to be loyal to the organization, have high level of integrity, be knowledgeable and applies tact in undertaking tasks of the organization. He should be a social catalyst and serve the management and other employees without biasness. The professional conduct helps to gain trust in the public and improve profes sional development (Naagarazan 39). Professionalism in the public domain determines how resources and other activities are carried out. A professional will bear responsibility of his work in the sense that he becomes liable and accountable for action he takes in the organization. By carrying out his duty well, he gets appraisal from the management due to his success. A competent professional will strive to meet the requirement of the client. It is highly recommended that clients confidentiality to be observed. This is also part of professionalism since the client builds trust in the employee. Other attributes of a competent professional is to respect the management and other employees as well as the client. Courtesy when communicating to client will boost confidence in the engineer from the client perspective. They should also be ready to offer services to a diverse population. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Professionalism and ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The employee should avoid fraud and misuse of resources at all times. Above all discipline is very important. In a sum up professionalism is the equality of being honest and faithful to the profession. Always honor the law and observe rules and regulation of the State. Professionalism may be hindered by a number of factors such as poverty levels and high level for illiteracy in the society. Most engineers may take advantage of these situations in the society and offer substantial services to them. To curb this situation the engineers should be given adequate remuneration to refrain them from exploiting the less fortunate (Philip 74). Professionalism and ethics work hand in hand. For one to be a successful professional he or she needs to have all the ethics values and virtues. Successful engineers are as a result of the moral behaviors and work ethics they endorse in their day to day undertaking. If these ethics are advocat ed world wide then the world will absolutely have more engineers who are professionally fit. Work Cited Naagarazan, Ramayan. Textbook on Professional Ethics and Human Values. New Delhi: New Age International, 2006. Print. Philip, Sadler. Management consultancy: a handbook for best practice. London: Kogan Page Publishers, 2002. Print. This essay on Professionalism and ethics was written and submitted by user Savannah Patton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Revolving And Evolving

For the majority of my life, the world spun at a distance that was farther than my reach. I was floating around in a lonesome space with no direction or set destination set in mind No one was there to pat me on the shoulder and ease my pain. 17 years pass and I begin to desire to spin with the world rather than be content with my so called aimless float. I see how enjoyable life could be, besides what happiness has originality brought me thus far? To fill the emptiness inside I reach out and try to grasp the handle of acceptance on which the world spins. For a while, either noone noticed how obligated I was to grip so intensly, or even worse, nobody even cared that I was there. When you came along, the intensity of my grip was viewed upon by all of those who naturally habitated on the spinning world. With the now glaring eyes placed upon my back I face away and hold on with all of my might. I squeeze the handle too tightly and it shatters within my hands. I'm no longer with the world, but then I ask myself was I ever really? Loneliness, outcasted, no acceptance whatsoever are returned oh so familiar feelings. Now, I am pushed back farther than I started, and I wonder if I can recover. They say time heals everything, but I am too impatient to wait and find out. My head is split into two pieces, one still choosing to buy acceptance at the cost of living life as a facade, the other trying to comprehend life truthfully without the stealthfullness that was provided by the shadows that once hid my true self, allowing noones view to cross my path. You are the bond that holds the two peices together When I hear your voice my heart glows with warmthness. You took a risk and showed me kindness without knowing the immense amount of gratitude that filled my heart and soul Your eyes constantly remind me of the gentle sea, in which its depth is no greater than the care that I have for you. You taught me the importance of living l... Free Essays on Revolving And Evolving Free Essays on Revolving And Evolving For the majority of my life, the world spun at a distance that was farther than my reach. I was floating around in a lonesome space with no direction or set destination set in mind No one was there to pat me on the shoulder and ease my pain. 17 years pass and I begin to desire to spin with the world rather than be content with my so called aimless float. I see how enjoyable life could be, besides what happiness has originality brought me thus far? To fill the emptiness inside I reach out and try to grasp the handle of acceptance on which the world spins. For a while, either noone noticed how obligated I was to grip so intensly, or even worse, nobody even cared that I was there. When you came along, the intensity of my grip was viewed upon by all of those who naturally habitated on the spinning world. With the now glaring eyes placed upon my back I face away and hold on with all of my might. I squeeze the handle too tightly and it shatters within my hands. I'm no longer with the world, but then I ask myself was I ever really? Loneliness, outcasted, no acceptance whatsoever are returned oh so familiar feelings. Now, I am pushed back farther than I started, and I wonder if I can recover. They say time heals everything, but I am too impatient to wait and find out. My head is split into two pieces, one still choosing to buy acceptance at the cost of living life as a facade, the other trying to comprehend life truthfully without the stealthfullness that was provided by the shadows that once hid my true self, allowing noones view to cross my path. You are the bond that holds the two peices together When I hear your voice my heart glows with warmthness. You took a risk and showed me kindness without knowing the immense amount of gratitude that filled my heart and soul Your eyes constantly remind me of the gentle sea, in which its depth is no greater than the care that I have for you. You taught me the importance of living l... Free Essays on Revolving And Evolving For the majority of my life, the world spun at a distance that was farther than my reach. I was floating around in a lonesome space with no direction or set destination set in mind No one was there to pat me on the shoulder and ease my pain. 17 years pass and I begin to desire to spin with the world rather than be content with my so called aimless float. I see how enjoyable life could be, besides what happiness has originality brought me thus far? To fill the emptiness inside I reach out and try to grasp the handle of acceptance on which the world spins. For a while, either noone noticed how obligated I was to grip so intensly, or even worse, nobody even cared that I was there. When you came along, the intensity of my grip was viewed upon by all of those who naturally habitated on the spinning world. With the now glaring eyes placed upon my back I face away and hold on with all of my might. I squeeze the handle too tightly and it shatters within my hands. I'm no longer with the world, but then I ask myself was I ever really? Loneliness, outcasted, no acceptance whatsoever are returned oh so familiar feelings. Now, I am pushed back farther than I started, and I wonder if I can recover. They say time heals everything, but I am too impatient to wait and find out. My head is split into two pieces, one still choosing to buy acceptance at the cost of living life as a facade, the other trying to comprehend life truthfully without the stealthfullness that was provided by the shadows that once hid my true self, allowing noones view to cross my path. You are the bond that holds the two peices together When I hear your voice my heart glows with warmthness. You took a risk and showed me kindness without knowing the immense amount of gratitude that filled my heart and soul Your eyes constantly remind me of the gentle sea, in which its depth is no greater than the care that I have for you. You taught me the importance of living l...

Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Motivation - Essay Example The job enrichment of individuals in organizational premises is a factor of concern for the workers welfare that deals in motivational duties and a sense of promoting their working existence. Job enrichment is used when management wants to motivate employees so that they can be more productive. Job enlargement entails adding tasks and assigning more promotes duties to the existing job description. Job enlargement works on the basis of equal and fair distribution of tasks in an entrepreneurship systems. This aspect of managerial skills is a fundamental productive approach to successful business. Job enlargement is used so when management wants to increase employee productivity by assigning them more tasks so that they are occupied and they work hard. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is a clear description on the fundamental human requirements that are universal. Maslow’s Hierarchy principal is demonstrative and has a categorical chain of procedure. The complete Maslow’s Hierarchy demands a protocol path that is demonstrative of the basic needs. According to the law, the fundamental requirement demands a complete execution of the basic wants before the principal is approached (Mantel, 214). Maslow’s Hierarchy entails: 2. Safety level- During this context, the workers safety is guaranteed by the employers or the management team. The management works on promoting the basic security concerns and handles health, financial and emotional well being of the employees. 3. The sense of belonging- This principal touches on individual identification aspects to groups, societies or class. The employees would want to fit into a recognizable community depending on their categorical similarities (Mantel, 214). The organization or the employers would engage on competitive events, organize job trips and take part in team work involving activities that will instill the sense of togetherness and eventually promote the love between workers. 4. Esteem- This is

Business Strategy - IKEA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Strategy - IKEA - Essay Example As such, we as individuals and the organizations that utilize our services need to show collective responsibility towards each and every aspect of our society. One of the best ways this can be achieved is by continuing to use resources and developing better processes for managing our businesses, albeit in an efficient manner without causing any harmful impact on the environment and by foreseeing how best we can preserve our economy and nature for our future generations. IKEA is one such organization that has been demonstrating corporate social responsibility over a long period. The company is popular worldwide for selling low-cost furniture across outlets around the globe. The range of products produced by IKEA span every possible thing that can be used in a home from kitchens and draw rooms to bathrooms and bedrooms. IKEA today has sales in over 36 countries and looks all set to expand into 6 other countries in the near future (Gerald S. Albaum, Edwin Duerr, Jesper Strandskov, 2005). The present case study is an attempt at studying the success behind IKEA and studying the reason behind what has enabled it to become the largest furniture company in the world. The study is deemed important as IKEA has come to dominate the furniture world within a short span of 60 years and the turnover of the company simply suggests the existence of a very strong business model and supporting processes that aid in generating high revenue. The study will concentrate on evaluating the different aspects of IKEA’s operations and performance figures against a set of six models that will attempt to answer a variety of questions. The current strategic position will be ascertained by using the Porters generic strategies and the Bowman’s clock models.

What factors would lead to a rise in the cost of credit in an economy, Essay

What factors would lead to a rise in the cost of credit in an economy, and in what circumstances - Essay Example The formula, when applied, can show the annual rate of interest to be paid towards exhausting borrowed money. Acceptance of credit is often termed as a source of finance to a business due to the fact that it escalates with business expansion. (Siegel, et al, 1997) A nation’s central bank can determine the cost of credit in an economy by either raising or lowering it. For instance; in 1989 the bank of Japan raised the rates of discount by 0.5% to 4.25%. Once the new rate took effect immediately, it would help in stabilising the economy’s prices by curbing the pressures due to inflation and enhance economic growth. The discount rate is applied by the central bank while charging interests in the bank loans extended to other banks. Therefore, the raising of discount rates would amount to a rise in the cost of credit to the whole economy in entirety. An example to illustrate this instance of Japan is the immediate announcement by big banks in Japan, where they said that they would escalate the prime lending rates for long-term funds to 6.8% from the previous 6.5%. (Reuters, 1989) The apt measurement of the credit cost is the prevailing real interest rates in the economy. Market interest rates have been influenced by the inflationary levels and thus cannot present the true meaning of interest rates in the economy. Thus, it is the rise in the real interest rates in a nation that lead to a rise in the cost of credit in the market. Also according to the center for popular economics, the cost of credit in a country may rise due to an increase in taxes. If the real interest rates in an economy and which are reflected in the GDP deflator rose and the taxation levels did the same, they would have an upward effect on the credit costs. (Center for popular economics, 1896) A country’s economy depends so much upon the amounts of credit held by persons in it. Attitudes of people towards the credit can also change the course of things in the

Analysis fo the Dairy Industry in Pakistan

Analysis fo the Dairy Industry in Pakistan Introduction The prospering dairy industry of the country seems an embryonic market for branded dairy products, especially in the urban areas, where branded and packed milk, curd and butter are rapidly capturing the market. In fact, the consternation of adulteration, germs, decades-old style of improper handling of dairy products, particularly loose milk and curd by milkmen and shopkeepers, are impelling a large number of consumers in the country to bid adieu to the traditional milkman. Consumer preferences have changed in the favor of packaged dairy products, which ensure better hygiene and good value for money. In Pakistan when we talk about adulteration in loose milk. These kinds of fears and health hazards relating to loose dairy items are steadily changing the mindset of the consumers. Seeing this change and an enormous untapped potential of growth in packaged dairy products in the country in future, several local and multinational companies have introduced their branded dairy items in the r ecent past. In Pakistan, when someone talks about branded milk and curd, the name of Haleeb and Nestle comes to the mind of the people as they have emerged as two strong market leaders, who have swiftly captured the unexplored business of packed milk, curd, butter, margarine, etc. The emergence of these two brand leaders in the country has also encouraged several others to introduce branded dairy products. At present over a dozen companies are actively marketing branded dairy items in the country and among them the most famous are CDL Foods Limited, Bhaipheru; Idara-e-Kissan, Pattoki; Kabirwala Dairy; Lahore Milk Plant, Lahore; Millac Food (Pvt) Ltd., Lahore; Monnoo Dairies, Bhowana; Nestle Milkpak Ltd., Sheikhupura; Noon Pakistan Ltd., Bhalwal; Pakistan Milk Food Manufacturers, Jhang; Prime Dairies, Manga; Royal Dairy Products, Karachi; Ravi Dairies, Jaranwala and Unilever Pakistan Ltd., Sheikhupura, Bhaipheru, Karachi. Besides marketing milk and curd most of the companies are sell ing dairy products with innovation such as yogurt (natural and flavored), sweetened milk, UHT and pasteurised cream, butter, ghee, cheese and ice cream. In Pakistan Nestle is a great success story for establishing the largest milk collection network and setting new trends in dairy sector. On the one hand, it has proved a regular source of income for farmers through an assured and growing income resulting from the sale of their milk, and on the other, it has enabled Nestle to collect better quality milk in the quantities it needs. The basic unit of Nestle milkmans milk collection system is the Village Milk Collection Centre where farmers deliver milk, morning and evening. A trained milk collection agent who tests and records every supply for quality and fat content collects the milk. Over three thousand such centres operate throughout Punjab. This milk is then transported to the nearest sub-centres for mechanical chilling and then to the main centres where it is consolidated and chil led further, before being transported in specially designed insulated tankers to the factories in Sheikhupura and Kabirwala. According to background, dairy is one of the growing segment of livestock sub-sector and important component of Pakistans economy. Pakistan is the fifth largest producer of milk in the world. The per capita availability of milk at present is 185 litres, which is the highest among the South Asian countries. Milk production in Pakistan has seen a constant increase during the last two decades. The production has increased from 8.918 million metric tons in 1981 to 27.031 million metric tons in 2001-02. Milk production for the year 2002-03 is estimated at 27.811 million metric tons. Investment Prospects: There is a large and untapped potential in the dairy industry. With a population of 160 million, a significant demand for dairy products exists in Pakistan. There is a need for establishing modern milk processing and packaging facilities based on advanced technolog y to convert abundantly available raw milk into high value added dairy products. In addition, with improved conditions for milk pasteurisation, availability of chilled distribution facilities and consumer preference for the low cost pasteurised milk, the sector provides unique opportunity for investment in establishing pasteurised milk production plants. There is also great scope for establishing related industries in the form of an efficient milk collection system and refrigeration transportation facilities. The sector offers opportunity to foreign investor for establishing a joint venture for the production of dairy products, particularly dried milk and infant formula milk for which great demand exists in the neighboring countries like Iran, UAE and Saudi Arabia. The dairy industrys main ingredient is milk, which is processed at the dairy plants to produce variety of dairy products. The average daily production of milk in Pakistan is estimated at approximately 95 million litres. Punjab is the leading province in milk production with a share of around 80%. Out of the total production of 95 million litres of milk per day, about 55% is consumed at source in the countryside while the remaining 45% is traded in urban centres. Most of the traded milk is marketed un-processed and currently only about 2.5 to 3 per cent of the traded milk is processed by the dairy industry in Pakistan. Processed liquid milk in the form of Pasteurized or Ultra Heat Treated (UHT) milk is the main dairy product in Pakistan while other products include Dry Powdered Milk, Cream, Butter, Butter Oil, Yogurt, Cheese and ice cream. Presently, about 13 units in the organised sector are engaged in the production of various dairy products. Majority of the dairy plants are located in the vicinity of Lahore, which serves as the hub of this industry Milk Processing Out of the 28 million tons of milk produced in Pakistan, only 2.5 to 3 per cent reaches the dairy plants for processing into variety of dairy products. Pakistans dairy industry produces Ultra Heat Treated (UHT) Milk, Pasteurized Milk, Dry Milk Powder, and Condensed milk. Other major milk products produced by the dairy industry include butter, yogurt, ice cream, cheese, cream and some butter oil. Approximately half of the 0.3 million tons of milk available to the industry is processed into UHT milk, 40 percent into powdered milk, and the remaining 10 percent into pasteurised milk, yogurt, cheese and butter etc. Dairy plants in Pakistan Of the 38 major dairy plants established in the country with a capital investment of Rs. 2.392 billion and having a daily rated capacity of 2,180,000 litres, only 13 plants are currently in operation. The rated milk processing capacity of the 13 plants in operation is estimated at a little over one million litres per day. In addition, two dairy farms of the Pakistan military operating on non-commercial basis have raised Pakistans daily production of processed milk, yogurt and butter. The reasons for failure of large number of dairy plants are several and may differ from plant to plant. The most common reasons include an over estimation of demand for processed milk, too rapid investment in UHT technology, lack of consumer education, high price of UHT processed milk, non development of sustainable milk collection system, lack of trained manpower and insufficient operational funds. For the same reasons, the capacity utilisation of dairy plants in operation is around 40 per cent. The low capacity utilisation prevents most UHT milk processing plants from recovering much more than their variable costs. Next to the raw material i.e. raw milk cost available to the plants for Rs. 14 per litre on average, packaging is the most important cost element. Expensive packaging forms part of UHT technology. Despite immense potentials the dairy sector in Pakistan has been victim of criminal neglect by the successive governments in the country. Even at its present lowest-in-the-world yield per milk cattle, Pakistan is surplus in milk production; but due to lack of proper planning, collection and distribution facilities, a major portion of the total production is consumed, per force, by the producers in the far-flung areas. As against this we are importing 25000 tonnes of powder milk annually to meet the demand of the urban areas at a cost of above 300 million dollar. Pakistan ranks 7th among milk producing countries, with an estimated 21 billion liters of milk produced annually. A lthough this level of milk production is more than adequate on a per capita basis for todays population, lack of processing and poor distribution system in a long hot weather (milk has a shelf life of only four hours under moderate temperatures) keeps it from reaching consumers in areas that are either deficient in milk production, particularly the urban centres, or those that are difficult to access. The milk yield per cow in the neighbouring country is about 3000 liters per lactation period as against 1000 liters in Pakistan. In Western Europe the average exceeds 5000 liters, in USA 9000 and Israel exceeds 7000 liters per lactation period. After extensive research Indian Livestock Ministry has introduced a programme to gradually replace buffaloes with cows, which give more milk, by educating their farmers through their well-established cooperatives and successfully carried out the replacement programme during the last decade or so. During this period India has almost doubled its m ilk production from 38 to 72 billion liters and now ranks at No. 2 after USA with 74-billion liters in milk production. Despite feeding its huge population, India is exporting huge quantity of powder and processed and packed milk. To increase its yield of milk, India has made full use of Israeli expertise who have been trained by the US. Through artificial insemination India had developed a new breed of cows which yield 3000 liter per lactation period instead of previous record of 1200 liters. Pakistans tremendous potential to increase its milk production has so far remained unexplored due to the inactivity of the government and the related bodies which were created with much of fanfare. This neglect appears criminal in view of the fact that milk production despite its lowest yield, is even today far ahead of the major cash crops such as wheat, cotton, rice and sugarcane Conclusion There is huge demand of both powdered and packed milk in the neighbouring countries of Iran, UAE, Saudia Arabia beside Malaysia, and Philippine which Pakistan can successfully harness to its advantage if due attention is paid to this sector. By copying Indian plan, Pakistan can also develop a new breed of cows within a period of about 4/5 years and thereby increase its production by over 100 per cent. Pakistan can become a big exporter of dry and processed milk provided due attention is paid to this sector. Presently in Pakistan only about 22 per cent of milk production is processed, about 57.5 per cent is supplied to urban areas in raw form in most unhygenic conditions causing real health hazards. Rest is consumed by the farmers, mostly per force, specially in the far-flung areas for lack of proper facilities to take it to deficient areas. About 75 per cent of the total production of raw milk is produced in Punjab, 14 per cent in Sindh 10 per cent in NWFP and only 1 per cent in Balo chistan. In Punjab we have more buffalos than cowl in about 60-40 ratio, in Sindh it is 50-50, in NWFP dead 20 per cent buffalos and 80 per cent cows. In Balochistan there are mostly cows. Unlike other progressive countries where sale of raw milk is disallowed by law and processing is mandatory due to milk being one of the two major carriers of diseases (water being the other), Pakistan continues to allow 97-5 per cent milk to be distributed through the traditional gawala system. To the bacteria of tuberculosis and hepatitis that naturally occurs in milk, the gawala adds many more varieties through the addition of contaminated water for its dilution. The contractors, who collect milk in bulk from villages in Punjab through the dodhis the middlemen, and sell it to the urban consumers, go a step further. They add unhygenically produced ice slabs, caustic soda and sometimes formaline to the milk they collect to prevent it from going bad due to intense heat in summers. The UHT process, although expensive, has proven to be a success in Pakistan as it increases milks shelf life to 12 weeks. On the other hand, the pasteurization process inspite of its low procession cost, had not made much of a headway due to the short shelf life of its product and its dependence on old chain from production to consumption. Taking advantage of this cost factor, some milk marketers have begun marketing loose milk in urban areas which they claim to be pasteurized. The UHT process add heavily to the cost of milk as it requires huge investment to set up the plant, production of packing material and above all the collection cost of the milk making it beyond the purchasing power of poor and even lower middle class. Pasteurization process is much cheaper comparatively as the process is much simple and packing material much cheaper. Small pasteurization plants can play an important role to meet the milk demand of cities and towns provided there is a strong and efficient organization to ensu re that all necessary precautions are taken and hygienic requirements for pasteurization process are met before supplying milk to the ultimate consumers. Village cooperatives in India have efficiently handled this problem and about 80 per cent of the milk requirement of urban areas are met through pasteurized milk at an average selling rate of Rs. 15 a liter as against Rs. 24 per liter in case UHT processed and packed milk. Nestle Milk Pak. Ltd., a joint venture with the reputed multinational Nestle of Switzerland operating in over 80 countries around the globe, has done the poineer work in the field of milk collection UHT processing on most modern and state of art machines and quality packing. Nestle has almost the monopoly of UHT processed milk in Pakistan. It is a household name in our affluent families. Poor and lower middle class cannot afford the price and for them it is still a luxury which they can enjoy only once a while. The price of Rs. 28 per cent for Nestle UHT processe d and packed milk appears high, but if you consider the cost of infrastructure manpower and middle men involved in the whole process the selling price is justified. Nestle is concentrating only in Punjab and has developed a remarkable set up to collect milk from areas stretching about 80,000 KMs, and keeping the collected milk chilled in the most hygenic conditions until it reaches the processing factory which may take 8 to 12 hours. They have set up over 2500 milk collection centers from where it is transported to the 520 chilling centres within less than 3/4 hours. Chilled milk is then transferred to the two factories at Sheikhupura near Lahore and Kabirwala near Multan in special trucks with freezing arrangements. It sounds unbelievable but it is a fact that all this organizational structure for collection of milk has been set up by a Swiss expert who arrived in Pakistan only seven years back. To meet J. Moser Head of Milk collection department of Nestle at one of Milk chilling c entre at Mandi Bhauddin was one of most exciting experience of my life. By any standard. J. Moser is an authority on milk production and milk cattle. He can talk for hours on various breed of cattle around the world, their milk yield, how they increased the yield and their future plants, domestic consumption of milk, pattern of consumption and capacity to export milk and milk products to deficient countries. In order to keep his knowledge up-to-date he frequently goes on tour of different countries. He has worked in Sri Lanka, frequently instead India since posted in Pakistan in 1993. In this region he is most impressed by the work done by India to increase their milk production, manage its collection and distribution to its ultimate consumers at an affordable cost. The cooperative societies in Indian rural areas have played a very significant role in developing the dairy sector in India. Hundreds of thousand milk collection centers have been set up to supply milk in bulk to thousan d of pasteurization plants under required unhygienic conditions in the outskirts of almost every city to ensure supply of good milk in abundance. Through artificial insemination programme going on for over a decade with the help of Israel and United States they have developed a special breed of cows with yield of over 3000 liter of Milk per lactation period as against 1000 about 12/13 years back. Mr. Moser told this correspondent that he developed his milk collection and chilling centres on the pattern of Indian cooperatives. A business organization, whatsoever bigger size it may have cannot meet the national requirements. We are concentrating only on the central parts of Punjab which is densely populated and where more milk is available. For other areas in Punjab, Sindh, N.W.F.P. and Balochistan no such arrangement exists. This huge task cannot be done without the financial assistance, help and cooperation of the government. With proper planning and financial support of the governm ent Pakistan Milk production can be doubled in 10 years time and country can become a big exporter of milk and milk products, Mr. Moser said disclosing that by giving shorts of seaman imported from Europe we have successfully carried out artificial insemination programme in Pakistan on experimental basis. Our experiment proved successful as some of the cows conceived and nurtured through this system are giving 18 liter milk a day instead of normal 10 liters. The work has to be done at a large scale for which Nestle is not equipped, he added. It is imperatives, therefore, that the issues of increase in its production, and distribution are tackled on progressive line. The federal government may appoint a task force to study the various aspect of the disarray sector, identify the factors which has hampered growth sofar and recommend measures to develop this sector properly to harness its tremendous potential for the betterment of national economy. Inclusion of a person like, J. Moser i n the proposed task force can be a real help. With the every passing day, dairy products are becoming costlier because live stock farming has not scientifically grown with the increase in population and also it did not match with the pace of urbanization. Recently, milk prices in Karachi increased without any reason. In a short time of two years, milk prices have gone up from Rs 20 per liter to Rs 25, showing a 25 percent increase. Moreover, meat prices have also risen to about 25 percent in the last six months. In such a situation, the only way to control prices is to develop the dairy industry on scientific lines, which will not only provide meat and milk in abundant quantities to the domestic consumers but extra quantities can also be exported. In spite of having a large population of LIVESTOCK, the country is spending some $40 million annually on the import of formula milk only, which is the highest amount spent by any country in the world on this particular commodity. Pollution affecting the Pakistani Dairy industry Seventeen units, including three run by multinational companies, are engaged in the manufacture of dairy products in Pakistan, but environmental pollution, as well as an inadequate supply chain, is hampering the growth of the dairy industry. Noise pollution is one of the factors. Pakistan exports meat to Saudi Arabia but is yet to export dairy products to it, although that is a possibility, said Ibad-ur-Rehman, an executive of Cleaner Production Programme, a private-sector company based in Karachi that offers environmental solution packages to the industry in the backdrop of rising local and international competition. The growth necessitates consistent and adequate supply of raw material, and this is possible in contract production. This is being done by at least one multinational company. Balochistan and Tharparkar district in Sindh, which have a sizeable livestock population, are some of the ideal locations for dairy farming, besides Punjab, he said. Milk, by and large, is the main ingredient of almost all dairy products. Average daily production of milk in Pakistan is about 130 million litres. Most of the traded milk is marketed unprocessed, and hardly two percent of the traded milk is processed by the dairy industry in Pakistan. Processed liquid milk in the form of pasteurised milk or ultra-heat-treated (UHT) milk is the main dairy product in Pakistan. Other products include dry powdered milk, cream, butter, butter oil, yoghurt, cheese and ice cream. The milk-manufacturing process includes pasteurization, homogenization, UHT treatment and packing. Through little additional work, cream is also produced during the pasteurization cycle. Pasteurized cream is churned to make butter. In order to obtain butter oil, butter is heated to 90C degrees in ghee-melters and then liquefied. The milk powder-making process primarily involves evaporation and drying. The main steps around which whole ice cream manufacturing process revo lves are pasteurization, homogenization, freezing and packing. But CPP findings show that the major environmental problem of the dairy industry is wastewater, while solid waste, soil pollution and noise pollution are potential aspects of environmental pollution. Wastewater generation at a dairy industry is characterized by very large volumes of discharge besides the pollution loading from various dairy processes. Estimates show that the proportion of the waste discharge at a typical dairy industry per unit of processed milk ranges from 12:1 to 24:1. This is a very high figure considering the typical ratio of 3:1 in cleaner factories in the developed countries. In modern plants this ratio gets as low as 1:1

Absurdity: An Essay On The Stranger :: essays research papers

An Essay on†¦ The Stranger; The Absurd "One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all And in the Darkness bind them" (Lord of the Rings Volume II, The Council of Elrond) Within the Stranger, Albert Camus brought up many questions and a few answers. He created an outsider to society and showed us how he lived, Meursault. Meursault was always indifferent. Meursault accepted death. Why? Meursault saw the purpose of life meaningless. That is â€Å"Absurdity†! Absurdity, how does that word sound? Pretty bad, eh? Absurdity when used like â€Å"that’s absurd!† gives the feeling of negative judgment and a sense of finality. The idea of the Absurd seems to attach itself with meaningless, pointless and other such words that express a destination but without the means to get there and vice versa means but no destination. So from there I inferred that Camus does not believe in God nor any high law or universal law that are associated with a divinity, which is a path in life (either the means or the destination). So what is Absurd? The Absurd is living, a quest to find the meaning of anything within a reality with no purpose. Reality has no purpose because there is no high law, a universal law nor a God. Therefore this reality must be randomness. I believe that Camus wants us to see thi s and begin questioning our existence. So he wants he wants us to see the Absurdity and to cope with the Absurdity. If there is no point to living why do we continue to live? If this reality is absurd why don’t we recognize that and commit suicide? Taking one’s life shows the lack of will or reasons to live and also the needlessness of suffering. So what is living? Living is the Absurd. Living is hopelessness. Living is keeping the absurd alive. To keep the absurd alive you only have to live the absurd. 'Life will be more fully lived in so far as it has no meaning.' is a quote from Camus that shows this. Camus shows that you can â€Å"hope† for the best without hope. â€Å"Hope† is not the same as hope. â€Å"Hope† is optimism. Freedom from hope is freedom to your soul. You can no longer hurt yourself by living. It is hard to believe that being hopeless leads to living but living is an imprisonment. We try to be the best we can be but does not life limit us?

Culture Of Poverty Essay

Culture is a set of values and beliefs that influence the effectiveness also strategy formulation. It is a pattern of shared basic assumptions that people learn to produce behavioural norm. Poverty is being unable to provide yourself with comfort and material needs. Culture of poverty shows that those who are poor stay in poverty due to adapting the poverty burden. The world eliminates the culture of poverty through education and get their priorities straight and create micro-culture where the whole world will belong (Bass, 2005) I agree with the position that the poor are largely responsible for their own poverty because when they realize they are poor instead of working hard they start feeling helpless and not belonging and they feel that the society do not serve their needs. They feel they have no power therefore can not try to change their situation for the better and feel they are inferior and think that the rich are superior which make them not put effort to change their situation for the better. The poor also feel that they are unworthy and do not form any racial group and feel that they are unworthy and do not form any racial group and feel that they are discriminated by the members of the society. People who are poor do not know any history o becoming rich and acquiring wealth, they only know heir problems and shortcomings; they recognize only the poor conditions and only their neighborhood which is also living in poverty. Poor people have no knowedge, vision or ideas to compare themselves with other people who are rich for example they do not care whether they are in high class or low class. The poor should be encouraged to work hard and not accept the poverty burden in order to improve their lifestyle. CAUSES OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY RACISM This is the existence of a higher race and a lower race due to the higher race having superiority complex. This is as a result of having supernatural gifts that others do not have or being gifted in hunting and being courageous and being known to excel in war. this is recognized by possession of trophies gained after being a winner. The looser becomes the victim of the conqueror. When an individual experience personal superiority and see others as inferior social inequality will always be experienced (Fanning, 2000) SOCIAL STRATIFICATION This is where women politically and socially feel inferior. Old people are respected only when they are strong. In some tribes people rank high when they are initiated and also when they are granted new names. people are grouped together and accorded status depending on which group they belong either poor or rich. There are caste system where each individual is born in for example in India Brahmin is the caste at the top and untouchables is the bottom caste which is based on good or bad conduct. In Britain land was owned by nobility depending on family tradition, conduct or privileged who were the ruling group. SEXISM This is discriminating one another basing on gender for example women discrimination. These are attitudes or behaviours that make social roles to be stereotyped basing on gender. this also involves abusive behaviour to a person of opposite sex. In work place women are excluded in employment to the benefit of men. Employers fail to recruit women even though they have same or even higher qualifications than men. Women are also denied positions in politics whereby men dominate parliament with women being the minority. Sexism causes social inequality because women feel inferior to men and belief that they are weak and unproductive, they regard themselves with low esteem . they fail to use ideas they have and are not innovative. This makes all the work to be left to men to do and social inequality will always affect the society. EFFECTS OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY It brings about difference in religion where we have Christians, Muslims or Hindus of different religion and beliefs. Social class arises whereby those who belief they belong to same social class work together and leave out those of different social class (Bowen, 1948) Some people think they are inferiors and other superior leading to division and lack of unity. In terms of skin colour, there is radical distinction between black and white people. It can cause mental illness due to lack of improved technology and skills in treating illness. Low income earners lack basic needs due to lack of enough money to finance their basic needs. Unequal distribution of wealth between rich and poor in areas which are more productive than others for example mountain regions are more productive compared to lowland regions. REFERENCES 1. Madden Janice Fanning; Changes in Income inequality within US; W. E Upjohn Institute, 2000 2. Bowen Howard; Toward Social Economy; Rinehart, 1948 3. Bass Stephene; Reducing Poverty and sustaining the Environment; Earthscan,2005

Meursault in “The Stranger” by Albert Camus Essay Essays

Meursault in â€Å"The Stranger† by Albert Camus Essay Essays Meursault in â€Å"The Stranger† by Albert Camus Essay Paper Meursault in â€Å"The Stranger† by Albert Camus Essay Paper Essay Topic: The Stranger Life is fantastic. but besides hard. We struggle to happen the significance in our lives. but we can non carry through it. There are many sorts of ideas or doctrines of life ; some think that life is already determined by God or destiny when they were born. while others think that they decide what they do by themselves. In â€Å"the stranger† . Albert Camus creates Meursault as a supporter. who does non believe about anything profoundly. Because of that. he can non truly bask his life. However. eventually. he thinks about his life when he faces decease ; he genuinely realized how to confront to the absurd universe. and therefore becomes Camus’ perfect experiential hero. Meursault is apathetic. and he thinks he absolutely enjoys each minute ; nevertheless. the world is he merely wastes clip and does non even know that. Meursault thinks that emotion is pathetic because people are controlled by it. and repent or experiencing sorry is a waste of clip. Therefore. even when he faces his mother’s decease. he does non experience anything. He does non hold involvement in his mother’s decease. so he does non even cognize when his female parent died. â€Å"Maman died today. Or yesterday possibly. I don’t know† ( 3 ) . Normally. one’s mother’s decease important and people think about their lives through her decease. Even though it is non his. and he knows that he can non happen it. he should believe about what his life means from the relationship between decease and life. However. it is possible that he does non care about it excessively much because he can non make anything in her decease. but he does non care about his matrimony. excessively. He has a girlfriend. named Marie. and when she asked him to acquire married with her. he was still apathetic. â€Å"Then she pointed out that matrimony was a serious thing. I said ‘No† ( 42 ) . He dos non cognize what is of import in life. It is non because he has different sense of values but because he does non care about anything earnestly. He has non had a large job in his manner. but his manner to populate is now job. When he takes Arab’s life off. he does non truly recognize what he did. Even when he was in the constabulary station. he does non understand what he did. therefore. † degree Celsius I was even traveling to agitate his manus. but I remembered that I had killed a man† ( 64 ) . He treats everything as a fact. so he does non truly hold an emotion. He thinks it is the manner to bask his life. but it makes his life more meaningless. He does non believe profoundly. Besides. he thinks decease is decease. so there is no hereafter after decease. Then. he shot the Arab four times more. but he does non cognize what it means. â€Å"Then I fired four more times at the motionless organic structure where the slugs lodged without go forthing a hint. And it was like strike harding four speedy times on the door of unhappiness† ( 59 ) . He does non experience good about hiting four more times. but it is non deserving decease at all. Taking human life is same as strike harding the door of sadness for him ; his manner to populate. which is without emotion makes his life atrocious subsequently. but at this clip. he does non understand anything. Life without emotion is easy because an emotion does non do sense. so he can do sense with everything in his life. However. it besides makes his life colorless. Because he is different from others. the society beats him ; the universe does non assist him. so he now has to make significance in his life by himself. When he is on test. he testifies candidly because he ever follows his bosom and does what he wants ; nevertheless. it does non suit the society. so people judge him from their subjective justness. @ @ When he candidly testifies about why he killed Arab. people did non listen earnestly. † curie blurted out that it was because of the Sun. Peoples laughed† ( 103 ) . Peoples do non understand him. and so they do non handle him as usual. They beat the alien ; there is cipher to assist him. Furthermore. they think they are right. so people rid from the society and do him look worse. The prosecuting officer does non desire Meursault to populate in the society. which the prosecuting officer lives and to hold the same human bosom. â€Å"He stated that I had no topographic point in a society whose most cardinal regulations I igno red and that I could non appeal to the same human bosom whose simple response I knew nil of† ( 102 ) . He denies Meursault’s human right. He should be in problem. but in the test. there are merely people who think they are normal and right. so they are the same as him. Therefore. they do non detect that the prosecuting officer is incorrect. Their personality is atrocious because there is no exclusion. Meursault thinks about this judgement and the â€Å"machinery of justice† ( 108 ) . It is precisely right. They follow their ain common sense. and treat him as a alien. The effect is a decease punishment. However. ironically. this state of affairs. which makes him confront decease and being cognizant that cipher helps him. makes him believe about his life and notice that he has to happen it by himself. Right before his decease. he realized the significance in life. Peoples do non cognize why they are populating. but they laugh at him because they think he is stupid and better than him ; nevertheless. ironically. he understands his life. When he accepts the absurd universe. he can make significance of his life ; there is no hereafter. so he has to believe about every individual minute carefully and bask it. Ironically. he does non hold clip any more. However. he thinks. â€Å"I had been happy and that I was happy again† ( 123 ) . Actually. he enjoys his life because he did non cognize that he has lived indifferently. His life is difficult for ordinary people to understand. but for him. it wholly makes sense. Furthermore. he understands everything now. so he feels felicity once more. Besides. he feels a sense of high quality because he knows that people who look down on him do non cognize. There are many thought about universe. and he wants to see the absurd universe. and demo them his manner to populate. â€Å"I had merely to wish that at that place be a big crowd of witnesss the twenty-four hours of my executing and that they greet me with calls of hate† ( 123 ) . He notices that cipher earnestly cares about him. but still they come to his executing. Playing the game is pathetic for him. but people can non populate without it. Cipher truly has a score against him. but they follow the others. Bing apart from society is chilling and entirely. so normally people can non make that. He besides feels that. so he wanted to decease in the crowd. Besides. he is proud of his life. so he wanted to demo how he lived. Now. he truly enjoys his life. The life is meaningless ; he realizes it when he faces decease. If people know that. they give up everything ; nevertheless. for Meursault. everything makes sense. There is no hint in the universe. so what he can make is making the significance by himself. Life is difficult because cipher helps him. but he decides everything and what he does has significance. He can bask his life to the full. so his life is fantastic. He has to bask his life while he is populating because there is nil after decease. There is no significance in the universe. so he creates it. Everything is to be happy.

Adolesent Internet Shopping Essay

Adolesent Internet Shopping Essay Adolesent Internet Shopping Essay Adolecent Internet Shopping How to Spend an Allowance Without Leaving Home This article by Michelle is an article about young kids and how they are using the Internet. This article shows the advantages that kids have by using the Internet. I think that the most important advantage that all of the kids in this article learned was how to save money. Each kid had to save their money in order to buy some of their favorite things which made them understand the importance of saving money. In this article, we are introduced to three parents who introduced their children to the Internet as a resourceful way to save to the mall, and teach their children financial dicipline. In each case, the parents feel that by introducing their children to the Internet, will teach their kids the value of money and the importance of saving to get what you want. Jordan Ray and his parents one example. Jordan’s dilemma was that he was too young to go the mall to check out his favorite things. His parents were busy and his dad felt as though he was Jordan’s pay objects. The Ray’s alleviated this problem by introducing Jordan to the Internet. Fifty dollars of credit and an account online is what helped Jordan to understand the importance of saving. With credit and an account, Jordan was now able to visit some of his favorite without taking time away from his busy parents. Next we met Anna Morton whose situation was a little different. She lived in a small town

The Negative Effect of Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Negative Effect of Social Media - Essay Example The psychological and social impacts of social media are surfacing as the usage of social media is increasing our lives. Social media impacts on different aspects of our lives including emotional state, identity development and even the direction of our lives in some cases. Of these, the emotional impacts of social media are perhaps the most discussed negative implication. Social media has been criticized for the effects it has on the psychological state of its users. According to Lippy Copeland, ‘Facebook appears to exploit an Achilles heel of human nature’ (Copeland). Social media has created a culture where everything a person does is posted on Facebook. This has become an addiction and a burden for the users. Often users post information that becomes a source of envy or depression for their friends. When users see their friends having fun in their lives, they feel a sense of loneliness or depression. The excitement in the pictures may be fake or just a small part of the friend’s life but it creates a feeling of envy in the user. Even the user’s friends who post happy and exciting pictures online are not immune to the negative effects of social media. Information that a user posts online is being used to develop a profile of the user. This process also referred as data mining is used to develop aggregate information about the user using his social media information across different websites. This information is then sold to employees, insurance companies, and other interested parties. According to Lori Andrews, ‘our application for credit could be declined not on the basis of your own finances or credit history, but  on the basis of aggregate data’ (Andrews). Facebook users, as a result, may be robbed off a certain job because of what they posted online; or their insurance premium may rise when they start showing more interest in dangerous sports. While